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Aug
14
????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????????, ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?? ???. ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???????, ????? ????????????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ?? ???????????. ??????????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ??????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????????. ???? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????? ? 60-?.
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? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???, ?? ????????????? ?? ???????????, ??????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ? ????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????. ????? ?????, ??? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ? ??????????? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ????????????. ?????????? ????? stakeholder ??????? ?? ???? ?????? stake – ????, holder – ?????????. ? ????????? ?????? ??????????? – ??? ?????????? ???? ????????. ??? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????, ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????????.
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??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????, ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????. ???? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????[11]. ??????????? — ??? ???????, ??? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????????, ??? ???????.
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- ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ? ????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????.
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??? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ?????????, ???????????, ????????? ??? ?????? ????, ???????????????? ? ???????? ??????????. ? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????. ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???????.
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?? ????? ????????????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????. ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ???????, ???? ???????? ????? ? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????. ???-?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????. ?? ????????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ??????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ???????.
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??? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????, ????????? ?? ????????, ???????????? ?????? ????????????, ????????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ????????. ????? ?????, ?????????? ?????????????? ?????, ????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????. ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????? – ?????????? ? ??????????? ????, ??????? ??????????? ?/??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??????? — ??? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ? ????????????????? ????????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ????????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????.
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???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????????. ???????? ??? ?????? — ????????? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? — ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????. ???????????? — ??? ???? ? ???????????, ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ????????, ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???. ????? ?????? ??? ????????, ??? ??? ???? ? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????????.
?????????? ?????? ???? (?????????), ? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?????????. ??????????? ???? ? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????????. ???????? ???? – ????????? ????????? ???, ?????????, ????????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ???????, ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????.
? ??? ????? ? ??????? ???????? — ????????, ? ?????????? ???????? — ????????????? ???????? ?????????, ????????, ?????? ?????? ??????????, ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????. ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??? 1000 ??????????????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????. ? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ???????????. ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ????????????? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ????? (??????????????), ???????????? ?????????? ???????????.
?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????. ???? ?????? — ????????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ? ???????? ?? ??? ???????????, ????? ????????? ?????. ?? ???????? ???????????????? ???? ??????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????. ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????????????, ????????? ??????-????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????.
??? ???????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????. ????????, ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?.?. ?? ?? ????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????. ?????? ???? ??????, ? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????.
??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????. ?????? ?????, ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????????. ? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????, ????????? ?? ????????????, ??????????? ??????????.
?????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????????????, ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? e-commerce ? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ?? ?????? ? ???????. ?????????? ?? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??????????.
????? ?? ???????, ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ? ???????????????? ?????????? ? ???????????????? ????????. ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????. ??-?? ????? ?? ????????? ??????, ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????. ?????????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????.
??????? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????, ??????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?.?. ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ????????. ???? — ????????????, ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?????????????????.
IT ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ? ????? ??????? https://deveducation.com/ here.
Aug
11
Beschreibung des Kurses Sermorelin, GHRP-6, GHRP-2 9mgDieser Kurs
Willkommen zur Beschreibung des Kurses über Sermorelin, GHRP-6 und GHRP-2 9mg!
Beschreibung des Kurses Sermorelin, GHRP-6, GHRP-2 9mg
Im folgenden Artikel werden wir den Kurs für Sermorelin, GHRP-6 und GHRP-2 mit einer Dosierung von 9 mg genauer beschreiben. Diese Substanzen sind bekannt für ihre Wirkung auf das Wachstumshormon (GH) im menschlichen Körper.
Sermorelin ist ein Peptid, das die Freisetzung von Wachstumshormonen stimuliert. Es wird oft zur Behandlung von GH-Mangel und zur Verbesserung des Muskelwachstums verwendet. Die empfohlene Dosierung beträgt 9 mg pro Kurs.
GHRP-6 ist ein weiteres Peptid, das die Produktion von GH im Körper erhöht. Es fördert das Muskelwachstum, steigert die Ausdauer und verbessert den Stoffwechsel. Bei diesem Kurs beträgt die empfohlene Dosierung ebenfalls 9 mg.
GHRP-2 ist ein ähnliches Peptid wie GHRP-6 und hat ähnliche Wirkungen. Es stimuliert die GH-Produktion https://peptidebestellen.com/erzeugnis/sermorelin-ghrp-6-ghrp-2-9mg/ und fördert das Muskelwachstum und die Regeneration. Auch hier beträgt die empfohlene Dosierung 9 mg.
Der Kurs für Sermorelin, GHRP-6 und GHRP-2 mit einer Dosierung von 9 mg dauert normalerweise 8-12 Wochen. In dieser Zeit werden die Substanzen subkutan injiziert. Die genaue Dosierung und Anwendungshäufigkeit sollten jedoch mit einem medizinischen Fachmann besprochen werden.
Während des Kurses ist es wichtig, auf mögliche Nebenwirkungen zu achten. Diese können Kopfschmerzen, Schwindel, Übelkeit oder Hautreizungen umfassen. Wenn solche Symptome auftreten, sollte die Dosierung angepasst oder der Kurs abgebrochen werden.
Es ist ratsam, während des Kurses eine gesunde Ernährung einzuhalten und regelmäßig Sport zu treiben. Dadurch können die besten Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Ein ausgewogener Lebensstil unterstützt den Wachstumsprozess und maximiert die Vorteile dieser Substanzen.
Insgesamt kann der Kurs für Sermorelin, GHRP-6 und GHRP-2 mit einer Dosierung von 9 mg eine positive Wirkung auf das Muskelwachstum und die Regeneration haben. Es ist jedoch wichtig, sich vor Beginn des Kurses von einem Fachmann beraten zu lassen und die Anweisungen sorgfältig zu befolgen.
Aug
09
Les avantages et inconvénients des HGH Frag 176-191Les HGH Frag 176-191 sont des peptides synthét
Le HGH Frag 176-191 est un peptide synthétique développé pour imiter les effets de l’hormone de croissance humaine (HGH). Il est souvent utilisé dans le domaine de la musculation et de la perte de poids en raison de ses prétendus avantages. Cependant, comme tout produit, il présente également des inconvénients potentiels.
Avantages et inconvénients des HGH Frag 176-191
Les HGH Frag 176-191 sont un type de peptides de croissance utilisés dans le domaine de la musculation et de la performance sportive. Ces peptides sont dérivés de l’hormone de croissance humaine (HGH) et ont été développés pour cibler spécifiquement la perte de graisse.
Avantages :
- Perte de graisse ciblée : Les HGH Frag 176-191 sont conçus pour brûler les réserves de graisse corporelle sans affecter la masse musculaire. Ils ciblent spécifiquement les cellules adipeuses, favorisant ainsi une réduction de la graisse abdominale et viscérale.
- Amélioration de la composition corporelle : En favorisant la perte de graisse, ces peptides peuvent contribuer à une meilleure définition musculaire et à une apparence physique plus tonique.
- Aucun effet sur l’appétit : Contrairement à certains produits de perte de poids, les HGH Frag 176-191 n’ont pas d’effet sur l’appétit, ce qui en fait une option intéressante pour ceux qui souhaitent contrôler leur poids sans ressentir de fringales constantes.
- Faible incidence d’effets secondaires : Dans de nombreux cas, les HGH Frag 176-191 sont bien tolérés et présentent peu hgh frag 176 191 disponible d’effets secondaires indésirables. Cependant, il est toujours important de consulter un professionnel de la santé avant de les utiliser.
Inconvénients :
- Efficacité variable : Les résultats des HGH Frag 176-191 peuvent varier d’une personne à l’autre. Certains individus peuvent obtenir des résultats significatifs en termes de perte de graisse, tandis que d’autres peuvent ne pas observer les mêmes effets.
- Coût élevé : Les peptides de croissance, y compris les HGH Frag 176-191, peuvent être coûteux et nécessitent souvent une utilisation prolongée pour obtenir des résultats optimaux.
- Besoin d’injections : Les HGH Frag 176-191 sont administrés par voie sous-cutanée, ce qui peut être contraignant pour certaines personnes qui ont une aversion pour les injections.
- Réglementation : Dans certains pays, l’utilisation des HGH Frag 176-191 peut être réglementée ou interdite sans ordonnance médicale. Il est essentiel de se conformer aux lois et réglementations locales avant d’utiliser ces peptides.
En conclusion, les HGH Frag 176-191 présentent des avantages potentiels en termes de perte de graisse ciblée et d’amélioration de la composition corporelle. Cependant, il est important de prendre en compte les inconvénients tels que l’efficacité variable, le coût élevé et le mode d’administration par injection. Avant d’envisager l’utilisation de ces peptides, il est recommandé de consulter un professionnel de la santé pour évaluer leur pertinence et leur sécurité dans votre cas spécifique.
Aug
09
Se stai cercando informazioni su come ottenere gli steroidi, è importante sottolineare che l’uso e l’ac
Ciao a tutti! Oggi parleremo di un argomento molto discusso e controverso: gli steroidi.
Gli steroidi sono sostanze chimiche simili agli ormoni prodotti naturalmente dal nostro corpo. Spesso vengono utilizzati da atleti, culturisti o persone che desiderano migliorare le proprie prestazioni fisiche o ottenere risultati più rapidi nella costruzione muscolare.
Ma come si possono ottenere gli steroidi? È importante sottolineare che l’uso di steroidi senza una prescrizione medica è illegale e può comportare gravi rischi per la salute. Pertanto, non incoraggiamo né supportiamo l’acquisto o l’uso di queste sostanze illegali.
Se hai bisogno di migliorare la tua forma fisica o raggiungere determinati obiettivi sportivi, ti consigliamo di rivolgerti a un professionista della salute, come un medico o un nutrizionista, che potrà guidarti nel miglior modo possibile. Ricorda sempre che la tua salute e il tuo benessere sono fondamentali.
Come ottengo gli steroidi
Gli steroidi sono sostanze chimiche che possono essere utilizzate per migliorare le prestazioni sportive o per scopi terapeutici. Se sei interessato ad ottenere degli steroidi, è importante comprendere i rischi e le legalità associate a questa pratica. Ecco alcuni modi comuni per procurarsi gli steroidi.
- Prescrizione medica: Se hai una condizione medica specifica che richiede l’uso di steroidi, il tuo medico potrebbe prescriverteli. È importante seguire attentamente le istruzioni del medico e utilizzare solo la dose prescritta.
- Acquisto online: Esistono numerosi siti web che vendono steroidi online. Tuttavia, è importante fare molta attenzione quando si effettua un acquisto online. Assicurati di acquistare da fonti affidabili e legittime, poiché ci sono molti prodotti contraffatti sul mercato.
- Mercato nero: Alcune persone optano per l’acquisto di steroidi dal mercato nero, senza prescrizione medica. Questo può steroidiincompresse comportare numerosi rischi per la salute, in quanto non si ha alcuna garanzia sulla qualità o sulla sicurezza dei prodotti acquistati.
- Rete di conoscenze: In alcuni casi, puoi ottenere informazioni su come ottenere gli steroidi attraverso una rete di conoscenze. Tuttavia, è importante ricordare che l’uso e la vendita di steroidi senza prescrizione medica è illegale in molti paesi.
Prima di decidere di ottenere gli steroidi, è fondamentale valutare attentamente i rischi e le conseguenze associate a questa scelta. Gli steroidi possono avere effetti collaterali significativi sulla salute, tra cui danni al fegato, problemi cardiaci e disturbi ormonali.
Inoltre, l’uso di steroidi senza prescrizione medica può comportare conseguenze legali, inclusa la possibilità di essere accusati di traffico di sostanze illegali. Pertanto, è importante consultare un medico o uno specialista prima di prendere qualsiasi decisione riguardante l’uso degli steroidi.
Ricorda sempre di fare attenzione alla tua salute e di seguire solo vie legali ed etiche per ottenere trattamenti medici o miglioramenti delle prestazioni sportive.
Aug
08
Of course, there is an extended selection of online casino games waiting for you here as well. The user experience that you have here is not something that we would suggest to veteran online games but is perfect for novice users who are just getting into online wagering. To really understand what turbo mines slot casinos have to offer, it is best to go over a few of their games.
- If you thought they were all about high-speed play turbo games slots and traditional casino games, think again.
- It would have been way to difficult to play with out controller support.
- Explore a 3D World- Explore the world and travel to unique locations.- Adventure the wild and survive the elements in summer, winter, spring and fall.
- If you’re looking for the perfect mix of electrifying games and solid game development, you’ve clicked the right link.
- Everyone will agree that Crash games are the easiest online casino games to play.
Behind those flashy graphics and gameplay is some next-level software. It’s like they’ve taken the engine of a supercar and put it into the world of online gaming. Not only is it fast (I mean, it’s in the name “Turbo,” right?), but it’s also super reliable.
Cat Sim Online
You are probably fascinated by the Turbo Games casino creations that we mentioned so far and you want to give them a go. No problem there, as we have found some of the most appropriate sites that allow you to play these games by signing up with them. Neko may say that it’s a sushi catcher, but it is basically a Wheel of Fortune-style game. Your goal is to guess which sushi Neko, who is a cat by the way, will choose. You basically need to slide the scale to one side or the other, depending on which over/under ratio you decide to go with.
Thing Thing Arena
Throw a few Thing-Things together in a small arena and things get messy real fast. Turbo Rocket Games team is looking for a talented 2D artist of Middle level for a full-time remote job, wh…
GAME DEVELOPER
Here are the offers currently available on the sites where you can play Turbo Games’ products. But be careful, one wrong step and you will meet a fiery demise while advancing through sets of stairs boosts your payout. You can’t go wrong with it, especially if you are an Anime fan. WEIGHT is one of key admission criteria for candidates to participate in the League of the Wasteland championship. The minimum prerequisite is 8 tons for each truck to qualify. The chassis has to be chosen wisely, as it directly filters out the components that can be installed. The driver shall also think on the visuals of his truck, if he or she is concerned about winning the hearts of fans and followers.
But it depends on the platform or the brand you decide to sign up with. We suggest you check the payment method section on the online casino site that you have registered to confirm if you will be able to use crypto as payment. Modern times demand modern measures, or in this case mobile platforms. Being that Turbo Games casinos are aimed at a younger crowd, it is obvious that they thought ahead and made all of their games available for handheld devices. What makes Metaspins attractive is the fact that it can be used by all types of players.
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So I’m happy this game has MFI controller support to the game. One more thing you can’t even do flips and barrelrolls in the game. The I can’t even fix the view of where the ball it going on the car. You barely see the ball when the ball is in the air and makes it impossible to try to balance the ball on top of your car like rocket League does. No matter which type of online casino games you prefer playing, you have probably heard about Turbo Games casinos. Actually, this game creator is a fairly new player on the market but has for a short time been able to do much more than some established names have in years of development. What makes Turbo Games casinos an extraordinary player in the game development market are its features.
Aug
08
??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????????. ?? ???????, ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? 2030 ???? ? ??????? 4,5 ???? ?? 9,0 ???? ???????? ???, ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????-??????????????, ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????. ???????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????.
???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ?????.
???? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ???????? ?? ??????, ??????? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? 2,32 ??? ???????? ? ????? — ? ??????? ?? 101,9 ??/?, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?? 2,3%. ?? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?? 101,28 ??/? ? ?????? ???????? ?? 103,39 ??/? ? ?????????.
?? ????????? ???????? ????? ????+ ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????
???????????? ??????????? ???? ? ????????? 83,9%. ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? 36.7 ??? ????????. ?????? ?? ???????? ISPRL ???????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? 2.5 ??? ? ? ?????? ? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ????? ? ?????????????? ?? 2023 ??? ???????? 7,4 ??? ????./???. ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????.
????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????
?? ????????? ??????? ????+ ??????? Brent ??????? ?? $83,55, ? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? $82,2. ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????, ???????? ?????-?????? ?????????????. ?? ?????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????+ ??????????????. ????????, ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? 30%, ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? 5–10%. ? ?????????, ? ??????, ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? (CAPP), ??????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???? ?? 13% ?? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ? ?? 48% – ? 2014 ?.
??????? ????? ????+: ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? 2024 ????
????????? SberCIB Investment Research ??????????? ??? ????????, ??????? ????? ??????????? ? ??? ??????, ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? (? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????). ?? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????? (???), ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? 1,22 ??? ????./???. ?? ? ??????? World Oil Outlook, ??????? 23 ??????? 2015 ?.
??? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? 7% ?? ?????? 2022 ????, ???????? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????, ?????, ?????? ???, ????????? ??????? ? ??????. ?????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?????. ??? ?????????? ????? 11 ???? ????, ? ?????????? ??????????? — ????? 31 ???? ????, ?? ??????? ?????? 53% ????????? ? ??????????.
?????????????????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ?????
??????? ??? ???????????? ?? ????? 2015 ?. (????. 1), ? ? ??????? ???? Brent ?????????? ???? 37 ????./??????? ??????? ? ??????? 2008 ????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????, ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ? ?????. ??????? ? 2024 ????, ?? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? 2023 ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????-??????????? ????? ?????????? ????? 47 % ???????? ???????? ????? ?????, ? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? 80 % ???????.
???????? ???????? ????????? ?? 6 ??????? ?? 88 ???? ???.
???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? 3% ? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? 1%. ? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????????????, ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? 1.2–2.7% ? ???. ?? ????? ??????, ? ?????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????. — ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ????????. ? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????, ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????.
12 ???????, ??? ???? ????????, ??? ???????, ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ??????, ?? ?????? ? ???? ????????? «????? ????????????». ??? ?? ???????? ??????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?? ??????????, ? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ???????????. ???????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??, ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????????? [29]. ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????, ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??-?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???. Connecting Countries ????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ???????, ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ?????.
???????, ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ??????? Energy. ?? ??? ?????? 2024 ???? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ????????? 127.9 ???? ???. ?, ???????????? ?? 10.1% ?? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????? 2023 ????. ? ??????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?????? 62.8 ???? ???.
» ?? ????? ?????, ????????? ? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????. ????? ???? ? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???? ???, ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????. ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????????????? ???? ????????. ????? ????, ???? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ????????????? ? ???????????????? ???????????????.
?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? 512–513 ????????? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ? 2019-? ???? ?????? 563 ???????? ????. ???????, ??? 50 ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? — ???????? ????????. ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???, ??? ????????, ??????? ???? ???????????, ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????. ? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????. ????????, 6 ????? ???? ? ??????-????????? ????+ ?? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?? 1,7 ??? ???????? ? ?????.
?? ???, ??????? ???????, ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????-??????? «??????-Online» ?????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ??? ?????????????. ???? ?????????????????, ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????-?????????????? ????????, ? ???, ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? 2035 ????, ? ????????? ????? ?????, ??????, ????????. 11 ???????, ??????????? ???????? VYGON Consulting ???????, ??? ? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? [31]. 2 ???????, ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ? ????.
?????? ? ???, ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ????. «???? ???????????? ????????, ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????, ???? ? ? ????????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ? ???????????? ????????????. ? ????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????», — ???????? ???????-????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? 500 ???.
??????? ?.???? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ? $100 ????? ???????? ????. ? ? ???, ? ? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????, ? ?? ? ?????, ????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ? 2016 ????.12 ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ????, ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????, ? ??? ????? ? ?????????.
??? ???????, ?????? ????????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ? ???, ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ??? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ????, ? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ???. ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ?? ??? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????????????. ? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? Moody’s ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? Brent ? 2016 ?. ???? ?? ????? ????? Brent ???????? ?????? ?? 5 ????. ? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????-????????? ????????, ? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ? ???????. ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ? ??????? ????????????? ? ???? ??????.
??????? ??????????? ????? ? ???? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?? ???????????. ???????, ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ? ????????????? ???????????, ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ? ????. ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ?? 2,5 ?? 2,8 ??? ???????? ? ????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? 400 ???.
? ?????? ??? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????????, ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??????. ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????. ????????, ? ?????? 1970–1986 ??., ????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????? 40 ????./????. (? ????? 2004 ?.), ???????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? 80 ????./????., ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? 80% ????????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? 4%-??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? 10%.
?? ?????? ???, ?????????? ??????-?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??-?? ?????? ??? ???????? ? 2015 ?. ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? 150 ???? ???????? [4]. ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???, ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ? ???? ? 2021 ????. ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????, ??????????????? Kpler, ???? ????????????? ? ????? ? ??????? 1,5 ??? ????.
- ??? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ????? ? ?????????????? ?? 2023 ??? ???????? 7,4 ??? ????./???.
- ? ?????, ??? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????.
- ?? ???????? ?????????? Wood Mackenzie — ?? 1,9 ??? ????./???., ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ?????.
- ????? ?? ??? ????????? ? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????.
- ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????.
????????, ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ? ????????? “?????????????” ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???, ? ????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?????? — ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????, ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ??????????. ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????. ???, ????????, ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? (Price-Adj. Broad Dollar Index) ???????? ? ?????? 2002 ?. ?????? ??????????? ?? 16%, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????3.
3 ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ???, ???????? ??? ???, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ? ??. ??????????? ??????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ????????, ??????? ?????, ??????, ???????? ? ??????????????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????, ????????????, ?????? ? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????? 2020–2021 ??. ? ??????? ????????? ????????-???? ???, ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???? 70–100%. ??????? ???????? BP ??????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? BP Energy Outlook 2023, ? ??????? ????????, ??? ? ??????? ????????? 30 ??? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????, ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ? ???????. ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????.
?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??? ? ?????????? ??????. ??? ???????? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? — ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ? ???? ????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ? ?????.
??? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????, ? ?????????, ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? ???? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ??????????????. — ??, ????? ???????? ??????????, ? ???? ???????, ??? ? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ?, ?? ????? ????????, ???? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? 2021–2022 ????.
???? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? 48–49 ???????? ?? ???????, ? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????. ? ?????????????? ????????, ? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? (????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????), ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? 40 ????./????. ??????????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???? ???????.
?????? ?????? 2015 ?., ???????? ??, ???????????? ???????? ??????????. ??????????????, ????? ???????????????? ? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????. ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? (EIA) ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??? (DOE) ?. ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? 50 ????./??????? ? ???????? 2015 ?.
????? ????, ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???. ? ? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??? ?????????? «???????????», ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????? [32-35]. ???, «?? ?? ????? ????, ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?????????????. ???? ??????????? ? ?????, ??? ? ??????, ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????, ? ?????????? ??????????, ??? ?????, ??? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ???????. ?????? ????????, ??? «???????? ?????????», ? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ????, ???????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? – ?????? XXI ?.
????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????, ? ?????, ???????? ?? ??????? ????, ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? (EIA) ????????????, ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?? 230 ???. ????????, ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????????????????? ???????? ????? ?????, ? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ????, ???????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ? ????????????????, ? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ????????. ? ?????? 2024 ???? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? 10.85 ??? ???????? ? ?????.
?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ? ?????????? ? ???????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ????? (????) ?? ???????????, ???????????, ??????????, ????????? ? ?????????? ??????. ??????? ??? ?? ????? Brent ? Urals ?? 2024 ??? — ? ????????? ?????????. «????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????», — ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????, ?????? ????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????+, ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ?????.
?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ? ????? ????????, ? ??? ????? ? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ? ???????, ? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ? ?????????? ????????????. ????????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? (? ????? 2004 ?.) ?????????? ????? 24 ????./????., ? 1970 ?.
????????, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? 500 ???. ????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ????? ? ?????, ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??, ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????????????? ? ?? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????.
????-??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????????. 10 ? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?.?. ??????, ?? ????????? ????? ? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???????????, ?? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ???????. ??? ????????, ?????????? «?????????? ???????????» (fracklog), ????? ?????????? ? ????????, ???????? ???????????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ???? ????? «?????????» ?? ??????? – ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? [20].
? ??? ??? ???, ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ? ???? ????? – ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????, ?? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????????, ????????? ? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????2. ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????. — ???????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????+ ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????, ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????????, ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ? ???????. ?????, ???????, ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????????, ???? ????-???? ???????? ?????.
?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????????????????? ??????????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???? — ????? ? 2030 ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????????????? ????????? ?? 12 ??? ???? ? ???. ?????? G7 ? ??, ? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????, ???????????? ??????? ?????, ? ??????? ? $60 ?? ???????. ????? ????, ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????????????? ? ??????? $100 ?? ??????? ??? ??????????????, ??????????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ????? (?????? ? ??????), ? $45 ?? ??????? — ??? ????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ? ????????? ? ????? (?????).
???-????? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? «????????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????-??????????????? ?????, ?? ????????? ? ????, ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????????». ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???-??????, ??????? ??????, ???, «???? ?? ??????? ?????? (??????? ??? ?? ?????) – ??? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ? ??????????? (????), ????????? ?? ??? – ???????» [15]. 5 ???????, ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??? ????? ????? ????.
«?? ??????? ??????????? ????????????, ? ??????? ?????????? ??????????, ??? ?????? ????+ ?????????? ????????-????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ?????? ???????, ???, ? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????+ ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????», — ???????? ??????? ????????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????. ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?????-????? (???) ????????????????, ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????-????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????-??????????? ????? (????+). ???????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????.
????? ?? ??? ????????? ? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????, ???????, ? ???? ???????? Urals ????? ?????????? ????????, ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? — ?????????, ? ? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????. — ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ? ????????, ??????? ? ???????????, ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? 2019 ???? — 563 ???????? ???? — ?????? ? ????? 2023-??. ?? ???? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????, ?????????? ??? ? 20-? ????? XIX ????.
?? ??? ??????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????+ ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ???????, ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????+ ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ????? 2023 ????. “??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????. ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????, ? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ??????”, – ?????? ?????????? ???????.
????? ??????????? ?? 0,5 ??? ????????/????? [8]. ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??-????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????, ?? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ????????? 2–3 ??????. ????? ????, ?????????? ??????????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ?? 2024 ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?????. ? ?????? — ??????? 2023 ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????, ?????, ?????? ? ????????. ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? 86–90% ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??. ?? ??? ? ?????? ??? (? ??????? 2022-?? ?? ??????? 2023-??) ???????? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ? 1,5 ????, ? ?????? — ? 2 ????, ? ????? — ????? ? 22 ????.
??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????. ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ???????. ??-?? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ??? — ? 700 ?? 300 ???? ???????? ??? ? ???.
???????? ?????????? ?????? — ????? 4 ????. ????., ? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????. ???????????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ?? 55 ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????. ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????, ? ? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? 50 ???? ???????????. ???????? ??, ???????? ??????????????, ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??? ??????? ????????–??????? ???? ??? ??????? (22–28 ????./????. “?????????? ???????”).
?? ????? ?????????? 9.5 ??? ???????? ? ????? ??????????? ????? ? 1.4 ??? ???????? ? ????? — ?? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???????, ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ? 2024 ???? ? ?????? ???????? ?? 0.2 ??? ???????? ? ????? ? 2023 ????, ?? 10.7 ??? ???????? ? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????+. ???? ?? ????????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?????????????? ? ??????????????? ? ???????????? ????????, ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????????????. ???????? ???????? ??? (?????? 2006 ?.) ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? 2006–2011 ??. ???????? ? ??????? ?? ????? 4.7% ?? ??? — ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????.
??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?? 500 ????? ???????? ? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ????????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? 2 ???????? ???????? ? ?????. ?? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???, ??? ????????? ?????. ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? — ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????-???????????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ? ??????, ???? ????+ ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?????, ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????.
20 ?????? ????????? ????? Brent ?????????? ?? 28,22 ????./???????. ?? ??? ? 29 ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? 35,87 ????./???????. ? ????? ????? ???????, ? ????? ????, ??????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? (???. 1). ?? ????????? ??????? ???, ???????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????, ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ??? [8]. ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? 10,3 ??? ????????/????, ? ??? ?????, ?? ???????? ? ????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ? ??? ???? ? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ????????? 9,6 ??? ???????? ? ???? (????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????????)6.
??? ???? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???????? 0,19 ??/?. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 2004 ?. ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???? ? ????, ??????????? 5%, — ???? ? 1972–1973 ??. ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????.
? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????, ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????????, ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????, ??????, ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????, ???????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????? [9]. ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? (????????, ???????? ?????? – ?? ?????-????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????????-????????-???????? ?????????????? ? ??.). ?, ??????? ??, ???????????? ??????-???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????? (??? ? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ? ? ??????????? ???????), ??????? ?? ?????. ? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????- ? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????.
? ??????? 2023 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? 10,96 ??/?, ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? (11,021 ??/?) — ??????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? 10 ??? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????, ????????? — ?? ??????? ????????? ? ????. ? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????, ????????, ??? ? ???????????? ?????????? ???. ??? ????????? ??????????????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? (? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????????? 2% ?? ?????? 2006 ?., ??????? EIA ???? ?? 2007 ?. ????????????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ????). ????? ????????, ? ????? ????? ??????, ???????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????????. ? ?? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? — ? ???? ????? ????????????? ????? ???, ???? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????.
?????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? 10,78 ??? ???????? (??/?). ?? ?????? ?????????, ??? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ???????. ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????, ?????????????? ? 2021–2022 ??. ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ???????. ? ???????????, 4 ????, ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????+ ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ? 2024 ???? ? 10,478 ???????? ???????? ? ????? (???? ??????????? ?? 2023 ???) ?? 9,828 ???????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ????????? ???.
?? ??????? ????? ? ???); ??????? ?????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ??. ??????? ???????? ????? ????? Urals ? ?? ????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????????, ??? ? 2021 ????. ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????????. ???, ? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????.
? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ? ????, ? ????? ????? ??? 450 ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????????. ? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??. ? ????? ? ???? ? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????.
??? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ?? 1 ??? ????./???. ????+ ??????????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????. ????????? SberCIB Investment Research ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? 2024 ????. ? ????? ?????? ?????????? «????????» ?? ???????? ?????, ???????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ??, ????????, ???? ?????? — ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ? Urals.
???-???? ? ?????-?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ? ???????. ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? AK&M, ??????????? ?? ????? AKM.RU, ????????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????. ????? ???????????, ??????????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????????????? ???????????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? AK&M. ?????? ? ???, ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? 2024 ????, ?????????. — ?????????????? ? ????????? ????????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????????????????. ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????.
?? ??????? ??? ???, ??? ? ?????? ??????, ? ??????? ??? ????? ???????, ??? ?? ?????, ???? ????????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???, ???????? ?? ??????? ? ?????, ?????, ????? ? ?? ???????, ? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? (?? ?????? 2015 ?.) ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??? (????. 2), ??? ??? ? ?????? 2012 ?. ???, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?.
????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????, ??? ? 1 ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ???. ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????. ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? 3–5%, ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????? 6–10,5%, ???????????? — ????? 7%. — ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?, ????? ????, ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ???? ?????!
? 2025 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? ????????? 1,4 ??? ????./???. ?? ?????????? Bloomberg, ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ? 2020 ???? (? ?????? ??????????). ??? ????????? ??-?? ??????????????? ???????????? ??-?? ???????? ? ??????? ????. ?? ?????? Kpler, ?? ????????? ?? 26 ??????? 2024 ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ? ???????? (????) ??????????? ?? 0,06 ???? ????. ???????? ???????????? Reuters, ? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? 26,42 ??? ????./???.
?? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????-?????, ???????????? ???????-?????????? ??????, ? ???????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ? ???????, ? ????????????? ??????. ? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ? 2014 ?. ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? – ? 1986 ? ? 2009 ?????.
— 35 ????./????., ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? — 30 ????./????. ?? ?????? ??????, ????????????? ???? ???? 40 ????./????. ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ???????????, ???? ???? ????????????? ???????? 40–50 ????./????. ??? ?????????? — ???????????? ? ??????????????, ? ????????????. ????????, ??? ? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????????, ???????? ? ????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ??????? ????????????????. ? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????, ?? ??-???????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? — ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????????.
? 2024 ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????, ?? ? ???????? ??????????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ???????. ? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????. «???????, ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????, ?? ????????, ??? ????? ? ????? ????????? ????????????, ??????? ????????-????????? ???????, ????????? ?????????????? ??? ? ??????????????? ?????, ??? ? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????.
? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????, ? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????. ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? – ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ? ????. 6 ???? ????? ?????????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? 2015 ?., ?????? ?????? ?1? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????.
????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????, ????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????. — ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ??????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????????. ? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ????+ ? ??? ????? ????, ? ? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????. ???????, ??? ? ??????? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ? ???? ? ???, ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?? 10 ????????? ? ??????? ??????????.
?????? ??????????????? ????? ???????, ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ??????? $14 ???? (? ??????? $610 ???? ? ???), ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????. «???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?????, ?? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????, — ????????? ? ??????? ING. — ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ???????????. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ? ????????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? 2024 ????». ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ? 2022 ???? ??????? ?? 2,1% ? ????????? 535,2 ??? ????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? 7%, ?? 242 ??? ????.
???????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???, ????????? ??? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????????????? ? ?????????? ????????, ???????, ??? ??? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????, ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????????, ? ????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??????. ?????????? ????????, ? ???????? ?????? – ??????? (???, ????, ??????????). ??????, ??? ? ????????????? ????????, ???????? 14 ?????? ?.?., ?????????, ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ???????????? ? ????? 2016 ?.
??????????? ??????? ?????? ????+ ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????. ????? ????? ????+ ? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????? 12 %, ??? ????? 8 ???? ???????? ???. ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????, ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ? ????? ????????????????-??? ?? ????????????? ??????????, ?????? ????? ??? ? ?? ????????? ??????. ?????????, ??? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????. ???, ?? ??????? ???, ????????? ? ???????? 2014 ?., ????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ??? ?????????? 80 ????. ?????????? ? ????? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ????7.
?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????, ? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ? ????????? ????? Urals, ? ??????? ????????? ??????? «??????????». ? ? ?? ???????? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????????????, ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????, ?????????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ??????? «??????????». — ???? ?? ??????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????. ? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ????? ????????. ?? ???????, ??? ? 2023 ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ???????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????????????, ?????? ??.
?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? (? ?????? — ?? ??????????) ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????????, ? ??? ??????????????? ??????????. ????? ????, ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????, ????????????? ? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????, ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? «????? ?????????????». ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????. ?? ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ? 2050 ???? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? 30%. ?????? ????????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ? ????????????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????????.
14 ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????. ???????? Chevron ??????? ?? ??????? ? 725 ??? ????., ??????????? Eni – ? 897 ??? ????., Conoco Phillips – ?? ??????? ? 1,5 ???? ????., ? ????????? Petro China – ? 2,13 ???? ????. ?? ?????? ??????????? Morgan Stanley, ??????? ??????????????? ????????? 121-? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ??? ???????? ? 2016 ?. ????????? ?????????? ?? 25% – ?? 389 ???? ????. ??? ???????? ??????, ????? ???, ???????? ???????????????????, ??, ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????, ? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???, ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????????? ????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ????, ????????? ??????, ?? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? RBN Energy, ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? 40 ????.
?? ??? 21 ?????? ????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????-?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?? 2017 ?. ? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? Urals ? 40 ????./??????? ? 2016 ?. ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? 25 ???????? ?? ??????? [41].
? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? — ????????????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ????? — ????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????, ??? ???????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ????? ???? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ? ????????? ????, ? ?????? ??????? ? ???. ?????????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????????????? 18 ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? 40-?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????.
?? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????. «?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???, ? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ???????»,— ??????? ??????? ??????????. ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? 2024 ???? ? ????????? ???????? ?? 500 ????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ??????, ??? ????????????? ??????. «??? ???????? ? ????, ??? ???????? ?????-????? ????????????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???????????, ? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????????, ??????? ????????? ???? +», — ?????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?????????? «?????? 24».
??, ? ???????? ???? ????????, ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????, ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????????? ????? (???). ? ????? ??????, ???? «????????» ??????? ??????, ??? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????, ?????????????, ?????? ?????, ?? ??????????? — ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ??, ?? ??? ??????, ???? ? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????????. ???????? ???????????, ??? ??????? ? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ? ??? (??. ??????????????? ???????, ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??????) ??????????? ???????? ???, ????? ????????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????, ? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? (11 ?????, ??????? ?????? ? ????, ? 7 ?????, ?? ????????? ? ???? ???????????) ? ???? 17 ?????? ????? ???? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????.
??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? (?? 150 ???. ????./???.), ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????+. ??? ? ?????? ?????, ????+ ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? 2024 ???? ?? ??? ?? ????????, ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ????. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????, ? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????????, ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????.
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???????? ? ?????, ??? ? ???????????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? 30% ?????????? ?????? ?????. ???????????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????????????? ?????, ? ????? ???????, ? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? (?? ???? ???????? ? ?? ??????????) ? ? ???????????????? — ? ??????. ??? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????, ??? ??????. ?? ?????? ??????, ? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ? ????????????? ???????????. ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ? ????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????.
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????? ????? ? ?????, ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????. ?????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? 1973 ????. ? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???????? ??????, ???????????? ???????.
(? ?????? 2023 ???? ?? ??????? 2024 ????). ? ???, ??? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????, — ? ????????????? «??????? ????????».
?? ????? ??????, ???? 8%-??? ????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ? 2005 ?. ? ?????, ??? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??-?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ???????. ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????–?????? ???? ? 1998 ?.
????? ????, ????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ??? ????????????, ?????? ? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????», — ????????? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ????+ ? ??????, ?????, ??????, ?????????? ??????, ??? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????. ? ????? ???????, ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ?????, ? ? ?????? — ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????, ????????? ?????????????. ?? ?????? ???????? 2024 ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????. ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????.
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? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ??????, ? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????. ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ?? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ??????????? ? ???????? ????? 140 ??????? ?????????????? ????????????. ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ????? 90 ?????????? (??????) ??? ????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ?? 135 ???????????? ??????. ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? 1%, ? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? — ???? ????????? ??????????. ??? ???? ????? 80% ?? ??? ???????? 10 ? ????? ??? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ? ????????? ????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ????????, ??? ? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????.
?? ? ??????? «????????» ??????? — ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?????, ?? ? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????. ?????, ???????, ???? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ?? ????????, ??? «????????» ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????????, ?? ???? ? ??????????? ????????. ???? ???????, ??? ? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? ? ????? ?????????.
? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????? ????????? 2023 ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????, ? ?? ?????? — ?? ??????????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ???????? 272 ??? ???? — ??? ?? 3% ???? ?????????? ???????? ????, ?? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? 4,4 ? 6% — ?? 42,6 ??? ? 85 ??? ???? ??????????????. ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? 0,5 ?.?.
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1 ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????. ? ???????? ?????????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????. ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????, ??? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? (? 12 ?? 2 ???????? ??? ?? ???????), ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????.
??????????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ????? (????? ?????? ????) ??????????, ????????, ??? ???????? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????. ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ? ?? ????????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????. ?????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?? ??? ??????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ????????? BP, ? 2004 ?. ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? 5%, ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ? 1965 ?. ?? ???? ?????????, ? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????.
??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??? ? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ?????, ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????, ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????. ???????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????, ? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? – ????? 1 ??? ????????/ ????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????, ? ????? ? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ??? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????.
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??????????? ???? ???????, ??? ? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? 95,4 ????./???????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? 95 ????./??????? (??? 160 ????./??????? ? ??????? ?????) ??? ???? ???? ? 2040 ????. ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ? 123 ????./???????. ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???, ? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ????, ?? ? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????. ???????????? ?????????? ? ??????, ????????? ? ???? ???????.
«???? (???????????) ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????????????? ???????? ?????, ?? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? – ?????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?? ??????? ???????, ? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????» – ??????? ?? 17 ??????? 2014 ?. ? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????????? ?????? ????? [16]. ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ??????, ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? 200 ???. ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????.
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????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ?? 2024 ??? ?? ?????? 40,46 ???????? ???????? ? ?????, ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? 1,393 ???????? ????????. ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????? – Continental Resources ? Hess – ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???? ?? 66 ? 40% ?????????????? (? 2015 ?. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? 46 ? 29%). ? ?????????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ????, ??? ? ?????????? ?? 10% ? ?? 5-10% ?????????????? [51]. ?? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? Alix Partners, ???????????? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????./ ??????? ?????? ??????? 350 ??? ????. ?? ????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?? ???????????. ???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????????.
? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? (?? ??? ???. ?), ??? ?????? ? ??????, ???????? ?? ??, ??? ? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????. ?? ??? ?????? 2024 ???? ???????????? ??? ????????? 5.9 ??? ?, ??? ?? 8.7% ??????, ??? ????? ?????. ?? ???????? ?????????? Wood Mackenzie — ?? 1,9 ??? ????./???., ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ?????.
?? ????????????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ? ???????????? — ?? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????????, ???????? ? ???????? ?????????, ?? ????, ??? ???????, ???? ? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??????????. ????? ???????, ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? — ??? ????? ??????? ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??-?? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????. ????? ????, ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????, ??? ????? ????????? ? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????? ? ???? ? ?????????? ???????? ?????.
??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ???????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ? ????????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????. ??????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? (?????) — ??????? ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????. ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????????????? ? ???. ?????? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ? ???????, ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? «??-???????? ????».
[5], ?? ? ?????????? ???????? EIA ???????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????? Brent ?? 2015 ?. ? 2016 ?., ??????? ???????? ??????????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????????, ? Brent ????? ?????? 75 ????. ??? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? Forbes, ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? 2015 ?. ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ? ????????? ???-??? ???? ????? ?????????????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ????????????????, ??? ??????????? ? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
??????????? ???????? ? ? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? [25]. «??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ???? ???? ????? [?????? ? ?????] ?/??? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? $100 ?? ???????», — ??????? ????? ?????????, ???????? ????-????? Livermore Partners. ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ????????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????. ?????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??? «?????? ??????????» ????????????? ? ?????????????? ?????. ?? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????.
? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? (?????? 2016 ?.), ??????? ???????????? ???????? ? 2016 ?. ?? 50 ???? ???????? (? 81 ?? 31 ???? ????????), ?? ???? ?? 62% [50]. ???????????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ????????? ???????????, ????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ? ????????? ? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????-?????????????? ?????. ? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ? ???? ??????????, ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ? ??? ??????????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????, ??????? ????????????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????????.
??? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????????. ????????? Goldman Sachs, ??????????????? 61 ????? ??????, ????????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????, ? 17-?? ???????, ??????? ??????, ???????, ????????? ? ?????, ?????????? ????? ??????????? ? 2020 ?. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????, «????? ????? ???? ?? ??????
????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ?????? ? 2022 ???? ????????? ?????????? ?? 1,818 ???? ??????. ??? ?? 22% ?????? ?? ????????? ? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???. ? 2022 ???? ??????? 38 ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ? ?????? 96,4 ??? ????, ??? ????? 700 ??? ????????.
????? ????, ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????????, ? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????. ???, ??? ? 2021 ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? 88 ??? ???? ????? (17% ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ? ???), ? ?????? — 80 ??? (15,5%). ? ? 2023 ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? 107 ??? ???? (18,98%), ? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????? 86 ??? ???? (15,24%). ?????????, ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? 2015 ???? ? ?????? ???????? 2020 ????, ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????.
???????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????, ??? «?????? ??????????» ?? ??????????? ? ?? ????? ??????????????? ?? ?? ????????, ??????? ? ?????????????. ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????, ????? ???????????? ???? ? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ????, ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ???, ??????, ??????????????, ???????? ? ?????, ???????? ??????? ????+ ? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????. ???????? «????????????» ????????? ? ?????? 20-?????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? 5 ??? ???? ? ??? ? ??????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ???????, ????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ????, ??? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? (???), ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????, ???? ? ????.
????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ? ??? ??????. ? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????. ? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ? 2.5 ?? ???????? ????? 1, ???????? ??? ???? ????? 70% ???? ????????? ??????. — ?????????????, ?? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? «????????» ? ?? ?????????? ????????, ? ??????? ???? ????????????? ? ????-???????? ? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? «????????», ???????, ?????????.
?????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? — https://boriscooper.org/.
Aug
06
???????????? ??????? Mostbet%3A ?????? ???????????? ? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ??????
Mostbet ?????%2C ?????? ? ??????? ?????? 2023″
Content
- ???? ??????????? ? Mostbet%3A ?????? ? ??????%3A
- ????????? ??????? ? Online Casino Mostbet
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- ????? ?????? ?????????? Mostbet%3F
- ????? ? ???????????? ?? Mostbet
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- Mostbet (???????) – ????? ???????????? ?????
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- ???????????? ??????-??????? Mostbet
- ???????? ?? Mostbet ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????%3F
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- ???? ??????%2C ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? Mostbet
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- ???????? ?? Mostbet
- ????? ??????????? ????????????? Mostbet%3F
- ??????????? ? Mostbet
- ???????? ??????????? Mostbet
- ????? ??????? ??????????? ? Mostbet ??????%3F
- ??? ??????? ?????????? Mostbet ??? Android ? Ios
- ??????? Mostbet%3A
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- ? ???????? Mostbet
- ?????? ?????? Mostbet ?????? ??????????%3F
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- ???????? Mostbet (???????)
- ????????? ?????????? ???????
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?????? ?????????? MOSTBET%2C ??????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????. ????????????? ??????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????%2C ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????. ??????????? ????? ?? ????????” “??????? ? ??????? ???????????? 500 ??????.
- ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ?????%2C ?? ?????? ???? ??????%2C ?????? ??? ??????-?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????.
- ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????????%2C ??? ? ????????????? ??????.
- Mostbet ????????????? ??????-??? ? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ??” “?????? ?????????.
- ? Mostbet ?? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? [email protected] ??? ????????? ????????.
- ????????? ?????????? ????????????%2C ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????????.
?? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ? ????????%2C ??? ?? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? Mostbet ? ?????? ????????? ?? ? ???????????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????? ? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ????????%2C ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????%2C ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???. ? Mostbet ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????%2C ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ???%2C ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????????.
???? ??????????? ? Mostbet%3A ?????? ?? ??????%3A
????????? ?????????? ???????????????%2C ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????. ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????. ??????%2C ??????%2C ??????%2C ?????????%2C ????????%2C ???????%2C ??????%2C ?????%2C ????????????%2C ????%2C ??????%2C ?????????? ??????%2C ?????????%2C ??????? ????????%2C ?????? ????%2C ??????? ? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?????? «??????????»%2C ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ???????????%2C ????? ?????? «?? ????». Mostbet ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????%2C ?????????? 24%2F7.
- ?? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????%2C ??????? ?????????? ??????%2C ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????.
- ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????.
- ? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????????%2C ??????? ?????????? ????????%2C ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????????%2C ?????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????.
- ??????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ??Mostbet ? ??????? 1000 ??????.
- ????? ? Mostbet – ????%2C ????????? ?? ?????? ?????%2C ?????? ? ????????? ? ???????.
??????????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ? ??? ????????. Mostbet — ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????-??????%2C ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????%2C ???? ? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ??????????%2C ??? ? ??????? ????? ??????%2C ??? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. Mostbet ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????%2C ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????%2C ????? ??? ??????%2C ??????%2C ?????????%2C ?????? ? ?????? ???????. ??????-?????-??? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ????? mostbet casino.
????????? ??????? ? Online Casino Mostbet
???????%2C ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????????? ?????? ????????????. ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????%2C ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????%2C ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????????? — ??? ??????????? ????%2C ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????%2C ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????.
?????????? Mostbet — ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????????%2C ??????????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????????? ????????. ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? Mostbet ?????????? 100% ????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? 7 ???????? ??? ? ????????????%2C ? ????? 15 FS ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????????? ????%2C ???????? ??????????? Mostbet ??????????? ? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ????????.
??????????? ????????? ???????
?????????? ???-???? ??????? — ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???-????%2C ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ????????????????%2C ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???-????. ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????%2C ???????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????. ?????????? Mostbet ????? ????????%2C ????? ??? ? App Store (??? ????????? iOS) ??? ? ??????????? ????? (??? ????????? Android). ????? ?????????%2C ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?? ?????????%2C ?????? ?????? ?? ??????.
- ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? Bitcoin ??? ???????? ????????.
- ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????%2C ?? ?????? ???? ??????%2C ??? ??? ??????-?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????.
- ??????????? ????? ?? ???????????????” “??????????????????????????? ? ??????? ???????? 500 ??????.
- ?????????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? Mostbet ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ? ???? ???????.
- ???? ?? ????? ?????%2C ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????%2C ??? ???? ???” “??.
? ??????????%2C ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? 200 ??????. ? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????%2C ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????%2C ????????????%2C ????? ??????%2C ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? «??????????».
????? ?????? ????????? Mostbet%3F
?? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????????????%2C ??? ? ????????????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????.
- Mostbet – ??? ???????? ????????%2C ??????? ??????? ? 2009 ????%2C ??????????? ???????? Venson Ltd ? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ? ???? ???????.
- ????????-????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????%2C ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????.
- ???? ?????? ???????????? ???????%2C ?? ?????? ???? ????%2C ? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????.
- ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????%2C ????? ??? ?????????%2C ?????? ? ???????????? ??????.
?? ????????? ???%2C ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????%2C ???????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????. ???????? ???? ???????? ????? Mostbet ?????? — ??? ????? ? ?????????. ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ???????????????????????????%2C ????? ????????????? ?? ???????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ???????%2C ??????? ?? ?????? “????????? ????” ? ???????? ???????????%2C ??????????????? ????? ??????? ???????.” “[newline]??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????%2C ???????? ????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????.
????? ? ???????????? ?? Mostbet
??%2C ????? ?????????? Mostbet%2C ???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????????????? ???????? Mostbet ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ???-?????%2C ???????? ???-???? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ???-???? ????????????? ??????????%2C ??? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??????????%2C ? ???????? ????? ? ???????????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????. ???? Mostbet ???????? ? ????? ??? 90 ??????????%2C ????????? ??????%2C ???? ? ??????%2C live-??????%2C live-????? ? ??? ?????????? ????.
- ????????? — ??? ??????????? ????%2C ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????%2C ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????.
- ???? Mostbet ???????? ? ?????????? ??? 90 ?????%2C ????????? ??????%2C ???? ? ??????%2C live-??????%2C live-????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????.
- ??%2C ??????? — ??? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ? ??????.
- ????? ?????%2C ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????%2C ? ????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????.
??????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??Mostbet ? ??????? 1000 ?????. ???%2C Mostbet ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????. ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????%2C ? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????. ???? ???? ?????? ????????%2C ?? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ???????????????? ??? ????????????. ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????%2C ??????? RUB%2C EUR%2C USD%2C PKR%2C UZS%2C TZS%2C TRY%2C PLN%2C BRL%2C HUF%2C AMD%2C KZT%2C THB%2C VND%2C NOK%2C MXN%2C EGP%2C CLP%2C PEN%2C BYN%2C MAD.
?? ? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?? Mostbet%3F
Mostbet ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???%2C ???????????” “????? ? Telegram%2C ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????????%2C ? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????. ????? ??????%2C ?? ???-????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????%2C ? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????%2C ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. ? ?????? ???????%2C ? ????? Mostbet ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????%2C ? ?????? ??? ?????.
- ??????? ?? ?????? ?????-??????????%2C ????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ???????????%2C ??????? ???????? Mostbet 2023.
- ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????%2C ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????.
- ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? 2009 ???? ? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.
?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????%2C ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????????%2C ?????? Mostbet ???????? ??????? ? ?????????????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????????%2C ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ? ???????????????? ? ?????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????%2C ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??%2C Mostbet ?????? ?????????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????.
Mostbet (???????) – ????? ???????????? ?????
?????? ?????%2C ???????????? ??? ? ??????-?????? Mostbet ??????????. ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??? — ?????? ????? ????????? ???-?? ?? ????????? ?????. ??????-?????? ? ???????????? ??????? Mostbet – ??? ???????%2C ???” “????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ???????%2C ???????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????. ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ??????? Mostbet ? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????.
??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?” “?????????? Mostbet ??????%2C ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????????. ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????%2C ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ???????????. ???????? ??????? ???????????%2C ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????%2C ??????????????%2C ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????.
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- ? Mostbet ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ????.
- ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????%2C ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????%2C ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????.
- ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????????? Mac.
- ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????%2C ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ???????.
??? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????????? Mostbet ????? ????? ???%2C ??????????? ?????%2C ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? FAQ. ??????? ‘????????? ?? ????’ ? ?????????? ??? ?????? FAQ ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????. ?????????? Mostbet ???????? ??? ???????? ? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? App Store ??? ????????? iOS (??? ????????? Android). ????? ?????%2C ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????%2C ? ????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????%2C ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????????%2C ? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???” “??????????.
???????????? ??????-??????? Mostbet
?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????????????? ???????? — ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????. ??????? ??????-????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????%2C ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????. Mostbet ???????? ????????????? ????%2C ??????? ??????%2C ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ????????????.
- ????? ??????? ??????????????????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????%2C ?????????????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????.
- ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????%2C ????? ? ?????? ? ??????.
- ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????%2C ???????? ???????.
- ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????%2C VPN%2C ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? IP-?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????.
Most Bet — ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????%2C ??? ?????????%2C ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????%2C ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?%2C ???????%2C ???????? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ????. ??? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ?? Mostbet%2C ???????? ???????%2C ? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????%2C ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????%2C ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????%2C ??????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ‘???????????’. ???? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????%2C ?????????%2C ??? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????.
???????? ?? Mostbet ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????%3F
?????? ??? ????????? ?????%2C ?????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???????%2C ??? ??????????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???????????%2C ????????%2C ????%2C ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????????%2C ??? ????????????????? ?????%2C ??????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????. ? ??????????? ????? Mostbet ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? Android%2C ??? ?? ??? ????????? iOS%2C ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? Google Play ? App Store ??????????????. ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ??????. ??%2C ??????? — ??? ???? ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ? ??????. ?? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????.
- ???????? ????????%2C ????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ???? ???.
- ????? ??????? ??????%2C ??????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ‘???????????’.
- ????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? Mostbet%2C ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? – ?????? ?????????? ???????.
- “??????-?????? Mostbet — ??? ???????????? ???????%2C ???????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????? ????.
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? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????%2C ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????%2C ??????? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ?????????%2C ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? «????? ??????! ? Mostbet ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????%2C ??????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ?????. ???????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ? ????????. ? Mostbet ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ????. ???????%2C ?? ? ???????? ? ?????%2C ??? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????.
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Aug
05
Content
In conclusion, it’s essential to separate fact from fiction when it comes to slot machines. Dispelling these common myths can help players approach slot machine gaming with a more accurate understanding of their odds of winning. With this knowledge in mind, enjoy the excitement and entertainment that slot machines provide, while always playing responsibly.
- Alternatively, if a slot hasn’t paid out in a long time, it is considered ‘cold’ and should be avoided.
- The jackpot win depends on how lucky you are on the given day.
- Casinos have the complete authority to decide where to place their slot machines on the gaming floor.
- Some players believe that using a player’s card or loyalty program at a casino can impact the outcome of their slot machine play.
- Autoplay Offers Lower Payouts than Manual SpinsThere’s no truth to the idea that using autoplay results in smaller payouts.
Another common slot machine myth is that slots near the entrance or entry point of the casino have better payout rates. Some believe that casinos place machines on the entrance to lure in more customers by grabbing their attention on the players winning on those machines. Over the years, numerous myths about slot machines have been circulating around the gambling community. You can’t just expect to win when you believe in a load of slot myths. When it comes to playing slots, you have nothing in your hand to influence your winning chance. The payout percentage, commonly referred to as a return to player (RTP), is predetermined by the game’s design and programmed into the machine’s software. RNGs determine each spin’s outcome, and reputable casinos must adhere to the regulations of maintaining integrity and fairness.
Interesting Facts and Myths About Slot Machines in 2023
Remember, first of all, you should learn the slots rules to avoid some stupid mistakes. Perhaps the most dangerous misconception is that playing slots is a guaranteed path to wealth. The reality is that slot machines are games of chance, and there are no guarantees. Spinning the reels is a form of entertainment, not a way to make money. Always gamble responsibly and set limits on your spending. The above statement is completely false as the slot machine’s outcomes are totally random.
”Online Slots Aren’t Random”
If you are considering hacking or cheating online slots, you may end up wasting your time and probably wasting money. There are also legal consequences for trying to hack a casino machine. One of the many slot myths that have no logic is this one.
Properly licensed games are tested for fairness, after all. This myth suggests that slot games have predetermined win cycles and are “due” for a win after a series of losses. In reality, each spin is independent, and the RNG determines the results. The concept of being “due” for a win is a fallacy known as the gambler’s fallacy, and it can lead to poor gambling decisions. Some players think that if a slot machine hasn’t paid out in a while, it’s due for a win.
Myth: Online slot machines are all rigged.
Hold on to your hats, as this train is heading into the land of conspiracies and myths. Arguably the most sinister myth involves casinos manipulating slot machines to drain players of their money. Some players believe that casinos can alter payout rates at will, or that they rig machines to pay out more during slow periods to entice players. This level of control, however, is far from the reality of how slot machines work. Another slot myth circulating across the community is that the slot machines with fewer reels offer better odds of winning.
Slots Run on Cold and Hot Streaks
We provide deep insight into casino bonuses & promotions so you never miss a great deal with an operator of your choice. And ultimately, with a stunning portfolio of casino game reviews on display, we bring the online gaming entertainment to a whole new level. This is easily the most widespread mistake with playing slots. It’s a well-recorded notion called the Gambler’s Fallacy and it is present in all forms of gambling. However, because people can’t witness the inner workings of slot machines, they assume that they’re programmed to pay out at certain intervals. Some players believe that after a big win or loss, the machine is more likely to pay out. Each spin is random, and past results don’t influence future outcomese.
This means that the payout of slot games is entirely random and cannot be influenced by time-based adjustments. Slot machines have long captured the imagination of gamblers, both in traditional casinos and online platforms. They’re a favorite choice because they don’t demand any special skills; it’s all about spinning the reels and hoping for the best. However, the world of slots is shrouded in myths and misconceptions. If you’re interested in American roulette or free bingo, we’ve got links to explore. The allure of slot machines is often tinged with myths and misconceptions that can tarnish the gaming experience.
Myths about slot machines demystifying the misconceptions
However, Frank only wrote that based on a single interview with only one casino manager of that time (the 90s). Another slot myth is that the slot machine’s payout percentage increases when the slots are placed in certain locations. They may have heard of deduced this notion from the book Break the One-Armed Bandits slot big bass splash by Frank Scoblete. This slot myth is not entirely false, but it is not exactly a fact either. However, what is true is that there is such a thing as using the max bet, which will unlock new prizes and symbols. This may give you more opportunities to make wins, but it doesn’t affect a slot machine’s RTP in any way.
Thus, no matter if someone warms up and enters the coin in the slot, it won’t affect the payout rate. Furthermore, adjustment or fixing of slot machines will never be carried out during play. So remote tampering is completely out of the picture for reputable casinos.
Online Casinos
Most players think you cannot do anything to increase your chances of winning the game, which is incorrect. Based on recent payouts, players tend to label Slot Machines found in the casino as hot and cold. Slot Machines that provide the most wins are called Hot, and those that lose more are labeled Cold. Many people believe that machines have some strategic layout, but it is not a thing. Each of them is identical, and any of them you decide to play, the only important thing is to have enough luck to win the prize.
One of the most persistent myths about slot machines is that they can be “hot” or “cold,” meaning that they go through cycles of paying out or not paying out. Many players believe that if a machine has not paid out in a while, it is due for a big win. In reality, slot machines operate on a random number generator (RNG) system, which ensures that each spin is independent of the previous one. The chance of winning is always the same, regardless of whether the machine has recently paid out or not. Maximising your bet does not increase your chances of winning on online slot games. This, however, is not true; the RNG determines the outcomes of each spin in every slot session for every player.
Slots myths range from
likely plausible to utterly impossible in nature and in reality it’s pretty
obvious that most of them are untrue. Below we’ve included some of the obvious and no so obvious myths
surrounding slots. Many players believe in the concept of “hot” and “cold” machines, thinking that a machine that has recently paid out is more likely to continue doing so.
There is considerable analysis surrounding this myth that states that this is not the case. The odds among most, if not all slot machine games tend to be somewhat the same. With online slots, the jackpot will be fixed or continually grows as more players spin the reels.
Aug
05
This aims to end a session with them breaking even or in profit. There are a few baccarat strategies out there, but none of them can guarantee success at the tables. A baccarat hand that’s worth nine is the best possible result – the closer your hand is to nine, the better. A nine or eight in a two-card hand is called a natural, but natural nine beats natural eight. Of course, the best way to learn how to play baccarat is to actually try it!
It’s also available at online casinos for Kiwi players. To help you find the best casino sites, our expert team has compiled some of the top online casinos available in New Zealand to play Baccarat online. Baccarat’s house edge is much lower than that of both slots and many other table games. Your odds of winning, or at least making your bankroll last for a while, are higher than plenty of other options available in the casino. Ultimately, none of the baccarat strategies we’ve discussed are better than the rest.
The dealer lays out two cards for the Player hand and two for the Banker hand. Regardless of how many players are at the table, only two hands are dealt and players cannot take any action during gameplay. From here, a win-lose-tie/third card outcome will occur depending on the criteria set out above. The player may choose to bet on multiple outcomes, such as a Player and a Tie in one hand. Once the third card has been dealt on both sides, there should be a clear outcome. The answer to the question “How do you play baccarat” consists not only of the knowledge of the rules and object of the game but also the bets and their payouts.
There are two general types of baccarat that you can enjoy. The first one uses a Random Number Generator (RNG) instead of a dealer to draw cards. The aim of baccarat is to compare the totals of the hands that are dealt, and whoever scores closer to 9 without going over wins. A good thing to remember is that tens and face cards are worth 0 points. If your score goes over 9, for example, 10, you only take the second digit of the sum as the total. For example, scoring 11 would in turn mean that you have 1.Another great example is if the “Player” is dealt a 5 and a 6, while the “Banker” is dealt a 4 and a 5.
- Calculating points in Baccarat is a little different from other card games.
- There are a few other versions of the game, but these are only found at land casinos.
- He also holds a Bachelor in History, resulting in his content being extremely well-researched and comprehensive.
- In full Baccarat, a long rectangle filled with numbers, located next to the bank, is called the commission box, and is used to keep track of all commissions.
For one, you cannot under any circumstances change your bet once the hand is dealt. While games like blackjack might allow you to make a double bet, baccarat rules insist that, once the game has started, there is nothing more for you to do. The goal is for you to bet whose hand will reach a total closest to 9 (much like 21 is the magic number in blackjack). To this end, you can wager on whether the player’s hand will come closest, the banker’s hand will come closest, or the result will be a tie. The game of baccarat is a simple yet exciting game of chance where the object is to compare the totals of the hands of two sides.
To play Baccarat online, create an account, deposit funds, and navigate to the Baccarat section. When you sit at the baccarat table, you will notice a field in front of the dealer that says “Player” on one side and “Banker” on the other. That is pretty much it, except for the places for the shoe and where cards from previous rounds are discarded. So a hand of a 9 and 6, which adds up to 15, becomes a 5-point hand. With this rule, for example, 10 is worth 0, 11 is worth 1, 12 is worth 2, and so on.
The Banker is allowed to play second in a hand, meaning that the Banker will see the Player either Stand or Hit. The Player’s total is then seen by the Banker, and the Banker’s dealing procedure will tell them the optimal play after seeing a Player’s third card. Baccarat tables are cyclical, and could technically never end. The game only ends for each individual Player when they have decided to stop playing.
But certain plays and actions should be understood early. So here are six baccarat tips to help you develop a playing strategy. In this final section of our guide on how to play baccarat, ????????????????????????? we would like to showcase to you the most popular queries players have regarding the game. We hope that you have enjoyed this step-by-step tutorial on playing baccarat.
But it’s helpful to keep a few things in mind to keep baccarat fun for everyone involved. A natural win occurs when one side has a total of 8 or 9 and the other does not. If there is no natural win, the hand closest to 9 is the winner. A tie occurs when the player and the banker end the hand with the same total. CoolOldGames.com is a collection of guides covering rules and strategies for games. All of the guides are written by our in-house tabletop game experts and fanatics.
Sky Casino is an operator we really like, providing a wide range of dedicated Baccarat tables, both with and without live dealers. First things first, you’ll need to know what each of the cards is worth in Baccarat. Again, like the game itself, this is really simple – cards 2x to 9x are worth face value, 10x to Kx is worth 0, and an Ax is worth 1.
Aug
03
Equally, focus on finding an outsourced CFO that has significant experience navigating the challenges that are currently top of mind for your business. If your main financial goal is to sell your company, make sure you hire an outsourced CFO that has previously advised on a number of successful transactions. Challenges in working with an outsourced controller typically occur when communication is infrequent. To avoid these issues, prioritize relationships with outsourced controller service providers who call out responsiveness as a key element of their client service philosophy. Controllers are more advanced finance professionals that are usually responsible for managing the day-to-day financial operations of a business. They have a wide range of responsibilities, from managing bookkeeping staff to working on more strategic initiatives.
Trust G2’s multi-country payroll leader to pay your global team
If you’ve ever nixed the idea of outsourced accounting from your list of potential strategies, you’re not alone. Most small-to-mid-size companies consider outsourcing to be an unattainable resource reserved only for global-size businesses. However, we’re here to tell you that not only can all companies benefit from outsourcing, small- to mid-sized organizations might just have the most to gain. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through every step of the outsourced accounting process, from initial setup to ongoing management.
Accessing the Latest Accounting and Finance Technologies
- You should also specify what happens if the provider fails to meet any of these expectations.
- Examine your choices and look for a company that uses a bookkeeping software you’re familiar with, has positive user reviews, and has worked in the field for some time now.
- Now, businesses can access accounting and financial management professionals without making expensive investments in full-time hires.
- And although those tasks are necessary (like closing the books), they also take away the focus from furthering the growth of your company.
- However, this can be mitigated significantly by choosing the right accounting partner and building a positive relationship.
They’ll track KPIs that are important to you, provide regular financial reporting, and be responsive to your needs when you call with questions. Let’s take a look at some common outsourced accounting myths and explore how outsourced accounting service providers like our team at LBMC are addressing them https://www.bookstime.com/ to build a better client experience. Despite the benefits of outsourced accounting services, there can be disadvantages if you don’t plan well. Your company could realize a number of benefits from outsourced accounting services. First, examine your current accounting system and list its limitations.
How can Outsource Accounting Services Help my Business?
- Implement appropriate controls and segregation of duties to maintain data integrity and security.
- If you’re tired of doing your own bookkeeping, you should consider this option.
- Expert accountants and bookkeepersYou may be able to engage a professional with a higher standard of expertise at a lower cost by outsourcing.
- Cherry Bekaert Advisory LLC and its subsidiary entities are not licensed CPA firms.
- You can get in touch with professional bookkeepers for virtual bookkeeping through an online account.
- Because an outsourced bookkeeper isn’t immersed in your business the same way an internal employee would be, there may be some intricacies of your business that they don’t understand at first.
- Listen to your intuition and find an outsourced CFO you know you can trust.
If you are running a business and want to expand or just find a more efficient and more effective way to run your company, there are many benefits of outsourcing accounting services to consider. Not only can they help you be legally compliant, but outsourced accounting services and bookkeeping services can also help you grow your business, achieve your goals, and set you up for long-term success. Outsourced accounting is when a business hires a third party (outside of their company) to complete the accounting function and finance function of the organization. You’ve nurtured your business from its beginnings, and to this point, your finances are doing well.
- These functions can include managing payroll, accounts payable, accounts receivable, monthly bank reconciliations, tax prep support, legal compliance and financial reporting, among others.
- If you have a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), we can handle your monthly bookkeeping and then send your financials and tax prep info to your CPA at year-end.
- While the impacts of business disruption are here to stay, outsourcing has embraced the shift and is quickly becoming a vital growth strategy for many businesses.
- An outsourced bookkeeper tracks your day-to-day business operations and takes care of essential financial statements and reports.
- This professional service manages your bookkeeping, taxes, payroll, financial reporting, and other accounts payable and accounts receivable functions.
- Moss Adams LLP and its affiliates assume no obligation to provide notification of changes in tax laws or other factors that could affect the information provided.
Step 5 – Let the Bookkeeper Do the Bookkeeping
Rather than keeping an in-house accounting department on staff, consider utilising one of the FreshBooks plans available to you. There are a wide variety of accounting services, bookkeeping services, outsourced accounting meaning and plans to choose from, so you can customise your company’s accounting plan in a way that will suit your needs. Learn more about Freshbooks accounting services and start your free trial today.
Benefits of Outsourced Accounting & Bookkeeping
You know, those times of the year when coffee becomes your best friend and the office practically turns.. On the other hand, small firms and startups often make preliminary steps to secure this data, leaving them vulnerable to cyber-attacks and data theft. In this guide, we’ll show you the areas you can outsource and help you pick the best experts for the job, so you can get back to doing what you love. Outsourcing your accounting and financial admin can unload some of that burden. So you shouldn’t feel like you have to handle all the finances in your small business. There is a right and not-quite-right way to go about delegating work to global team members and working with them, just like there is when implementing any new strategy.
Incremental costs
- You can hire local bookkeepers or a bookkeeping team located near your company.
- Having somebody outside of your company who is managing bookkeeping and financial records can take a huge chunk of time off your plate.
- Practical solutions to the issues you face, along with emerging industry topics forward-looking practitioners are curious about.
- If you do decide to pay a third party to handle your accounting, be aware of the potential for scope creep.
- You delegate the day-to-day work you may have been spending hours completing to your global team members.
- Many outsourced accounting service providers offer completely bespoke packages to their clients.
Successful Remote Work Arrangements for Finance Teams: Accounts Payable Position
